Assessment Various Concentrations of ZnO-Nanoparticles on Micropropagation for Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Plant

Assessment influences various concentrations of ZnO-Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Micro-propagation by cotyledonary nodes explants was achieved. We used different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (0.2, 2, 10, 20 mg/l) and used the medium free from ZnO-NPs as control. The results indicated that the presence ZnO-NPs in medium was good effect on germination rate of quinoa seeds at 2 mg/l concentration, and we noticed a density in roots hair and number or length roots of seedling. In addition, the highest responding of explant to ZnO-NPs 93.33, 80.8% were in MS that supplemented 0.0, 2.0 mg/l respectively. Maximum numbers of roots 4.0 were also observed in MS containing 0.0, 2.0 mg/l. Although, there was positive clearly effect on number leaves of shoots, but there was a sudden decline (from 8.43 to 1.0) occurred by increasing ZnO-NPs concentrations from 2.0 to 20.0 mg/L. However, the ZnO-NPs do not effect on length of shoots, where the lengthiest shoot occurred in MS without ZnO-NPs. Regarding rooting shoots, there was significant effect of ZnO-NPs on both percentage of root and root number, where percentage of root reached to 100% in 10.0 mg/l concentration and roots number was 4.80 roots in the same concentration.