The Effectiveness of the Red Water System (RWS) Technique in African Catfish Culture (Clarias gariepinus): A review

This article aims to analyzed the effectiveness of the Red Water System Technique on the survival and growth of cultivated catfish from the conclusions of several previous researchers. The method used in this literature study is to review several research articles on the success of catfish farming using the red water system technique. We collected and identified 50 academic articles, trusted databases, proceedings, books, dissertations, government regulations, and other international journals that were potentially relevant to the specified keywords. Upon review, the relevant literature was aggregated to 32. The collected review data is then compiled into a manuscript. The result is that probiotics in the red water system technique can maintain water quality according to quality standards by utilizing nutrient levels in waters as a food source for bacteria L.casei and catfish have high growth rates due to the addition of probiotics to the waters, which makes them resistant to disease. In conclusion, the Red Water System technique has improved growth performance, survival rate, digestibility, immunity, and disease resistance in African catfish compared to African catfish culture using conventional methods which can benefit the farmers.