Prevalence and Management of Hypertension along with its Complications - A Prospective Study

Aim: The main aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and correlate hypertension with the occurrence of its complications.

Study Design: The study was designed to detect the adverse outcomes of uncontrolled hypertension and review the treatment patterns in the management of hypertension along with the complications.

Place and Duration of the Study: This study was an observational study conducted for a period of six months from January to June 2020, at THUMBAY HOSPITAL NEW LIFE, in an inpatient department.

Methodology: Using a suitable designed data form, details of the patient were collected from patient demographics, prescription charts, laboratory data, medical records, doctor's and nursing notes.

Results: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension was found to be more in males (52.5%) than in females (47.5%). Among all age groups, individuals aged 50-59 yrs were highly affected. From the study, it was found that a greater number of patients fall in the category of stage-2 hypertension (38.75%) followed by hypertension crisis (28.75%), stage-1 hypertension (25%), and normal (7.5%). More patients with uncontrolled hypertension experienced cardiovascular complications (55%) when compared to cerebrovascular (27.5%) and renal (17.5%) complications. Chi Squared Test was used to analyse the significance of the study. P values < 0.0001 was considered as statistically significant.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the choice of antihypertensive drugs used in the management of hypertension were diuretics followed by Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and Calcium Channel blockers. The most commonly prescribed drugs in the study were Furosemide, Telmisartan, Amlodipine, Metoprolol, followed by clinidipine, carvedilol, metolazone, perindopril, cardiopril, and torsemide.